The Political Economy of Football V2

The value of English football’s biggest clubs is spiralling.  The new investment attaches a valuation of around £5.5bn to Liverpool, eclipsing the 2024 arrival of Sir Jim Ratcliffe into Manchester United, where a 25 per cent stake had valued the club at £4.3bn. The figures are stretching beyond what most industry experts — such as Forbes and Sportico — consider to be the value of these clubs. International advisory firm Football Benchmark, another to compile annual assessments of Europe’s biggest clubs, valued Liverpool at between £3.9bn and £4.2bn in its 2026 rankings, with Chelsea listed at between £2.5bn and £2.7bn. More than £3.1bn was distributed centrally among the Premier League’s 20 clubs last season, almost double the £1.63bn handed out in the 2015-16 campaign. It means the biggest clubs, including Liverpool, can now expect to generate annual revenues north of £700m, with aspirations to eventually follow Real Madrid beyond the £1bn mark in the years to come. Matchday r...

Football finance guru Kieran Maguire reckons that Rotherham United are one of the best run clubs in the EFL, but they will nevertheless be hit hard by relegation to League Two,  It's only recently that they were in te Championship and the financial gap between the two divisions has become wider:  https://www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk/sport/football/rotherham-united/words-of-caution-for-rotherham-united-from-one-of-footballs-top-finance-voices-8545580

Football finance guru Kieran Maguire is relatively positive about Burnley's financial position after relegation as the Clartes have future proofed themselves against the eventuality, although some players may have to be sold:  https://www.burnleyexpress.net/sport/football/kieran-maguire-discusses-financial-impact-of-burnleys-relegation-from-the-premier-league-7449247 Maguire reckons that the real challenge is to make good use of the parachute payments and not suffer the fate of teams like Charlton and Stoke after they each had several years in the top flight.

Wolverhampton Wanderers booked a £15.3 million ($20.2m) loss in their 2024-25 Premier League season, even as they reaped £117m in player-trading profits — by some distance a new club record.  Wolves’ latest books also paint a picture of a club in decline on the pitch, very much setting the scene for their awful 2025-26 campaign. Wolves extended their accounting period, moving their May year-end date to June, and in doing so were able to book the sales of Matheus Cunha and Rayan Ait-Nouri, to Manchester United and Manchester City respectively, into last season’s accounts. Wolves’ revenue fell by £5.7m last season, driven by dropping from finishing 14th in the Premier League in 2023-24 to 16th and also having two fewer games selected for live broadcast (15, against the 17 a year earlier). Those factors reduced broadcast income by £8.4m, and that revenue stream is likely to decline further this term. Like most Premier League clubs outside the ‘Big Six’, Wolves rely on TV money f...

West Ham United have warned of the “serious and severe” financial consequences if they are relegated from the Premier League this season after announcing a loss of £104.2 million.    The east London club said their biggest loss since returning to the top flight in 2012 was a result of player trading, poor performance and not having European football. The wage bill increased from £161 million to £176 million for the financial year ending in May and their wages-to-turnover ratio rose to 77 per cent. They also owe £195 million in transfer fees to other clubs in next three years.West Ham United have warned of the “serious and severe” financial consequences if they are relegated from the Premier League this season after announcing a loss of £104.2 million. If relegated to the Championship, West Ham would expect to sell several players such as Bowen, Jarrod and Summerville. Turnover fell from £269m to £228m due to lower income from broadcasting and match days   The highest...

European football clubs have been left on the sidelines of a deals boom that has highlighted soaring valuations for US sports franchises and underlined the challenges facing Europe’s team owners. Investors argue that a failure to get a grip on costs, as well as the constant threat of relegation, has kept a lid on European interest even as a flurry of deals in the US has underscored rising valuations in several sports. Valuations of the top men’s football teams, which are concentrated in Europe, have stagnated at just 4.2 times revenue. M&A activity in European football has dropped sharply since a spate of record-breaking takeovers in 2022, according to figures from governing body Uefa. Apollo Global Management agreed to buy a controlling stake in Atlético Madrid, Spain’s third-biggest football club, at a valuation of between €2bn and €2.5bn in 2025. The lower end of that range implies a valuation of 4.9 times its 2024 revenue. According to the most recent figures from Uefa, more t...

West Ham are in a relegation battle.  No one gains financially from demotion, but it impacts some more than others. Existing cost bases play a big part, likewise a team’s ability to generate money by selling some faces that didn’t look out of place in the top tier. Beyond that, club owners come into play. Between 2015 and 2024, Championship clubs lost a collective £3.2billion, all of it (and a little more) funded by benevolent shareholders. Amounts required for recently relegated clubs can vary, but a general rule is that the longer you stay in the second tier, the more you’ll need to lean on an owner or two. One thing is for certain — if relegation comes, West Ham’s revenue will drop. That has been the case pretty much since the Premier League’s inception, but it has become more pronounced since 2016, when a new TV deal exploded onto the scene. Since then, only one club has seen post-relegation turnover fall by less than a third. That was Bournemouth in 2020-21, and even tha...

The pressing issue of newly promoted Premier League teams being relegated immediately is expected to come under the spotlight at the top-flight clubs’ first meeting of the season next week when future financial rules are discussed. Ipswich Town, Southampton and Leicester City, who were promoted from the Championship in the 2023-24 campaign, were all relegated last season, the second successive year that has happened. There is a growing feeling that promoted clubs are not being helped by Profitability and Sustainability Rules (PSR) — and that the gap is widening. Newly promoted Sunderland and Leeds United will have maximum permitted PSR losses of £61million for this 2025-26 season as they have been in the EFL for the previous two years, while those who have been in the top flight will have a £105million limit. If the prevailing mood is to keep PSR next season — and there is unlikely to be a vote on that until the new year — then one idea doing the rounds is that promotion bonu...

It looks very likely that the three teams promoted from the Championship last season will be relegated from the Premier League. What is clear is that the number of points required to finish above the dotted line has been trending downwards for a decade, as have the cumulative points haul of the three relegated sides. It now requires mismanagement on a pretty epic scale for an established Premier League club to be relegated. Seventeenth-placed Wolves are averaging less than a point per game but could feasibly fail to win another point and stay up with 26 points, which is what 18th-place Luton finished on last season. When Charlton were in the top flight the survival target was 40 points. Usually, however, they are putting up a better fight than this. The nine-point gap between 18th-placed Ipswich and Wolves in 17th is also the biggest gap at this stage in the Premier League era, and by some distance: only once has the deficit been more than three points. Yet even huge investment...

Typically, newcomers struggle to survive in the Premier League, especially in recent years — there’s nothing new there. But last season was the first time since 1998, and only the second time ever, that all three promoted Premier League clubs were relegated to the Championship. To provide some context to just how difficult it has been for Ipswich, Leicester and Southampton, last season’s relegated trio provide an unflattering reference point. Statistically, Sheffield United, Burnley and Luton Town were the worst bottom three in Premier League history. They picked up 66 points between them — 10 points fewer than the next lowest on record. Ipswich, Leicester and Southampton are currently on course to finish with a cumulative total of 63 points. They have two fewer wins than Sheffield United, Burnley and Luton at the same stage of the season and have conceded 174 goals compared to 178. The financial numbers are interesting, too, and, in many ways, highlight what promoted clubs are u...

When the top 22 teams broke away from the Football League to form the Premier League, 21 were English-owned (Wimbledon was the exception).  Now, just over three decades later, there are only three Premier League clubs that are entirely English-owned, with one more that is majority English-owned, two run by Englishmen with minority stakes and one still owned, for a few weeks at least, by a Monaco-based, Anglo-Iranian whose eight-year spell as custodian was generously supported by his Russian-Uzbek patron. That last one — Everton — should become the 10th American majority-owned club in the league by Christmas, while three of those other clubs are on the market, to one extent or another. It is entirely possible that by next November, the 1992 equation will have flipped, with just one English flagship in very international waters. Brentford Brentford’s no-longer secret benefactor Matthew Benham is, in some ways, a throwback to an earlier era. But in others ...

Football finance guru Kieran Maguire discusses why yo-yo clubs between the Premier League and the Championship are stuck in a kind of purgatory.   Maguire argues that we have a Premier League 1.0 and a 1.5:  https://inews.co.uk/sport/football/norwich-fulham-football-purgatory-premier-league-finances-1615476 One way to change things would be to phase out parachute payments or at least substantially reduce them.  One could make low interest loans available for clubs in genuine financial difficulty after relegation.

Parachute payments mean that the Championship is anything but a level playing field.  In many ways it is a de facto Premier League 2. Relegated clubs receive 55 per cent of the Premier League media rights revenue for each club in year one, 45 per cent in year two and 20 per cent in year three. Clubs who are relegated after one season receive parachute payments for only two years. That adds up to about £42m for each club in year one, £34m in year two and £15m in year three.   The remaining Championship clubs receive £4.5m each, while those in League One and League Two receive £675,000 and £475,000 respectively. QPR chief executive Lee Hoos told The Times : 'The balance is tipping away from the original purpose which was to prevent a fire sale of players and cover the cost of relegation and contractual commitments, to where we are now, where clubs have a ton of extra financial firepower and can blow everyone else out of the water.' The origins of parachute payments are rath...